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Table 2 Summary of the changes in vertical component of the ground reaction forces (vGRF) in the eight anatomical regions of the feet during linear and curved trajectories

From: The generation of centripetal force when walking in a circle: insight from the distribution of ground reaction forces recorded by plantar insoles

Region

vGRF (N)

vGRF %BW

Linear

Foot-in

Foot-out

Linear

Foot-in

Foot-out

Hallux

230.5in

176.6a

229.9

40.5in

31.0a

40.4

 

7.6

7.1

9.0

1.2

1.2

1.5

Lateral Toes

125.1in

98.4

114.4

22.2in

17.4

20.2

 

6.6

6.1

6.6

1.2

1.1

1.2

I Metatarsal Head

158.5

133.9a

161.6

27.8

23.3a

28.5

 

9.2

7.9

9.4

1.6

1.3

1.7

II-V Metatarsal Heads

279.9out

285.6a

252.7

48.2out

49.5a

43.4

 

12.1

11.0

12.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

Medial Arch

18.0

24.1

18.3

3.1

4.2

3.2

 

2.5

3.6

2.7

0.4

0.7

0.5

Lateral Arch

89.3

109.1

102.2

15.7

19.0

18.0

 

6.6

6.5

6.8

1.2

1.0

1.2

Medial Heel

239.5out

230.8a

177.5

42.0out

40.6a

31.1

 

9.0

7.7

7.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

Lateral Heel

363.2in

298.9a

345.3

63.2in

51.8a

60.1

 

11.6

11.0

11.9

1.3

1.2

1.6

  1. Average values (± SE) from left and right feet. Foot-In and Foot-Out correspond respectively to the inner outer foot during curved walking. vGRF is represented as absolute values, normalized to body weight (%BW).
  2. out, denotes a significant difference between linear foot and foot-Out (p<0.05). in, denotes a significant difference between linear foot and foot-In (p<0.05). a, denotes a significant difference between Foot-In and Foot-Out (p<0.05).