Figure 3

Effects of walking with the perturbation on ankle muscle groups for each participant. In A and C, modifications in Tibialis anterior (TA; panel A) and Soleus (SOL; panel C) activation profile induced by walking with the perturbation for each subject. Three curves representing filtered and rectified EMG activity are superimposed: baseline (grey trace; mean ± standard error of the mean [SE]), adapted state (thick black line), and aftereffects (dashed black line). Each rectangle area represents the section of the gait cycle further analyzed and presented in Panels B and D. In B and D, the mean TA ( panel B) and SOL ( panel D) amplitude (uVolts) during the stance-to-swing burst is compared between baseline, adapted state, and aftereffects for each subject. Horizontal black bar over each EMG activity panel represents the exact location of torque application. Error bars represent the SE. * = significant increase with a p < 0.05; + = significant decrease with a p < 0.05.