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Table 2 Intra-rater reliability of the phone (n = 16)

From: Validity and intra-rater reliability of an Android phone application to measure cervical range-of-motion

 

Phone D1 (Mean ± SD)

Phone D2 (Mean ± SD)

ICC (3,3)

95% CI

Sys bias

Width of 95% LoA

% Error

Prop bias

Fixed bias

SEM

MDC

LOA 2SD (mean diff ±2.1*SDdiff)

Flexion

51.3 ± 7.9

54.9 ± 7.5

0.86

0.38-0.96

N

9.1

9

N

N

3.1

9.2

-12.84 to 5.48

Extension¥

79.0 ± 7.6

80.8 ± 7.03

0.82

0.49-0.94

N

11.8

7

N

N

5.0

11.9

-13.67 to 10.3

Right Lateral Flexion

43.5 ± 6.7

44.9 ± 7.0

0.90

0.73-0.97

N

8.3

9

N

N

2.8

8.3

-9.73 to 6.95

Left Lateral Flexion

49.1 ± 8.8

51.2 ± 7.4

0.85

0.57-0.95

N

11.8

12

N

N

4.1

12.2

-14.20 to 10.16

Right Rotation

50.0 ± 17.1

70.5 ± 22.7

0.33

-0.34-0.73

N

48.2

40

N

N

16.4

48.7

-70.79 to 29.81

Left Rotation

64.3 ± 16.3

69.8 ± 15.6

0.05

-1.7-0.67

N

46.8

35

N

N

15.8

46.9

-52.38 to 41.36

  1. SD = standard deviation; ICC = intra-class coefficients; CI = confidence interval; Sys Bias = systematic bias; LoA = limits of agreement; Prop Bias = proportional bias; N = no; Y = yes; SEM = standard error of measurement; MDC = minimal detectable change; diff = difference.
  2. ¥Based on n = 15 as one subject’s thoracic spine was not well stabilized.
  3. % Error = 0.5*Width of 95% LOA/[(MeanPhone + MeanVicon)/2].
  4. Proportional and fixed bias were determined from ordinary least products analysis.