Interactive balance training integrating sensor-based visual feedback of movement performance: a pilot study in older adults

Table 3 Effects of the interactive balance training on functional performance

Parameters	Control group			Intervention group			P value^b	Effect size^c
Parameters	Baseline n = 15	Post-test n = 15	% change^a	Baseline n = 15	Post-test n = 15	% change^a	P value^b	Effect size^c
Alternate step test, sec	19.97 ± 7.43	18.77 ± 5.77	6.0	19.49 ± 6.46	15.78 ± 4.98	19.0	0.037	0.151
Timed-up-and-go, sec	17.97 ± 4.86	18.67 ± 5.28	-3.9	16.55 ± 4.72	14.91 ± 5.41	9.9	0.024	0.174
Gait speed, normal, cm/sec	0.77 ± 0.20	0.80 ± 0.20	3.9	0.83 ± 0.16	0.90 ± 0.18	8.4	0.264	0.048
Gait variability, normal, CV	5.86 ± 3.57	4.98 ± 2.30	15.0	5.82 ± 4.92	4.84 ± 3.50	16.8	0.902	0.001
Gait speed, fast, cm/s	1.04 ± 0.20	0.99 ± 0.23	-4.8	1.07 ± 0.20	1.15 ± 0.26	7.5	0.010	0.227
Gait variability, fast, CV	5.08 ± 3.29	5.14 ± 3.78	-1.2	5.04 ± 2.61	5.06 ± 2.88	-0.4	0.951	0.000

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation; ^apositive scores indicate improvement; ^bP-values from ANCOVA comparing the effect of the intervention on post-test outcome parameters adjusting for baseline values; ^cEffect size eta squared from ANCOVA; CV, coefficient of variation.

ISSN: 1743-0003