Leg surface electromyography patterns in children with neuro-orthopedic disorders walking on a treadmill unassisted and assisted by a robot with and without encouragement

Table 1 Characteristics of the children with motor impairments and the healthy controls

Group	ID	Age	Gender	Height (m)	Weight	Legs	Main diagnosis	Walking pattern	Daily life mobility aids
Group	ID	(years)	(F/M)	Height (m)	(kg)	Legs	(GMFCS Level)	Walking pattern	Daily life mobility aids
Patient	1	12	F	1.48	41	T	CP, spastic diplegia (II)	Diplegic gait	None
Patient	2	8	M	1.27	25	K	CP, spastic diplegia (II)	Diplegic gait	None
Patient	3	15	M	1.68	48	T	CP, spastic diplegia (II)	Diplegic gait	Bilateral ankle-foot orthosis
Patient	4	16	F	1.78	61	T	Hip dysplasia, six months post surgery	Trendelen-burg	None
Patient	5	17	F	1.61	56	T	Cerebral hemorrhage at age of 2 years	Spastic hemiplegic gait	Ankle-Foot orthosis left
Patient	6	15	F	1.68	50	T	Multiple sclerosis	Diplegic gait	Ankle-Foot orthosis left/ Underarm crutches
Patient	7	15	F	1.69	59	T	Encephalo-pathy	Diplegic gait	None
Patient	8	16	M	1.58	47	T	CP, spastic tetraplegia (III)	Crouch gait	Wheelchair
Patient	9	14	F	1.60	48	T	Transverse myelitis	Paraplegic	Ankle-Foot orthosis right/ Underarm crutches
Mean ± SD		14 ± 3		1.60 ± 0.15	48 ± 10
Healthy	10	10	F	1.40	44.3	K	-	-	-
Healthy	11	13	M	1.54	40.0	T	-	-	-
Healthy	12	11	F	1.40	32.8	K	-	-	-
Healthy	13	9	F	1.37	32.0	K	-	-	-
Healthy	14	10	F	1.40	34.0	K	-	-	-
Healthy	15	8	M	1.43	33.9	K	-	-	-
Healthy	16	17	F	1.68	53.0	T	-	-	-
Healthy	17	16	F	1.69	64.5	T	-	-	-
Mean ± SD		12 ± 3		1.49 ± 0.13	42 ± 12

Abbreviations: M male, F female. K Kids (pediatric leg module), T Teens (adult leg module), CP Cerebral Palsy; GMFCS Gross Motor Function Classification Scale.
GMFCS Level I = walks without restrictions but has limitations in more advanced gross motor skills.
GMFCS Level II = walks without assistive mobility device but has limitations in walking outdoor and in the community; walking stairs with hands on the handrail; running and jumping with restrictions.
GMFCS Level III = walks with assistive mobility devices but has limitations walking outdoors and in the community; walking stairs with hands on the handrail possible; depending on abilities of upper extremities independent moving with wheelchair; wheelchair for longer walking distances.
GMFCS Level IV = self mobility with limitations but is transported or uses power mobility outdoors and in the community.
Please note, Ankle-Foot orthoses were not worn during recording (see in- and exclusion criteria).

ISSN: 1743-0003