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Table 2 Clinical performance of subjects (n = 49) and comparison of delta performances¶ between iNPH and iNPH-like conditions

From: Dual-task related gait changes after CSF tapping: a new way to identify idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

 

iNPH

iNPH-like conditions

P-value*

 

(n = 27)

(n = 22)

 
 

Pre-LP

Post-LP

Pre-LP

Post-LP

 

Single task gait parameters

     

Walking speed (m/s)

0.65 (0.37)

0.78 (0.24)

0.66 (0.46)

0.68 (0.42)

 

Delta (%)

+11.15 (22.28)

+4.23 (14.82)

0.054

Stride time (s)

1.21 (0.23)

1.19 (0.19)

1.22 (0.20)

1.21 (0.24)

 

Delta (%)

−4.09 (15.07)

+0.58 (8.34)

0.278

Stride length (m)

0.88 (0.40)

0.93 (0.28)

0.80 (0.43)

0.80 (0.36)

 

Delta (%)

+7.51 (18.67)

+0.20 (10.39)

0.077

Step width (m)

0.10 (0.09)

0.10 (0.05)

0.09 (0.05)

0.10 (0.06)

 

Delta (%)

−7.70 (34.12)

+3.54 (43.71)

0.091

Step height (m)

0.17 (0.06)

0.20 (0.06)

0.17 (0.08)

0.18 (0.07)

 

Delta (%)

+4.47 (11.21)

+1.36 (9.12)

0.056

Stance duration**

66.70 (3.43)

66.22 (4.60)

66.10 (7.00)

66.41 (6.14)

 

Delta (%)

−1.03 (6.69)

−0.32 (7.11)

0.553

Cognitive component

   

Backward counting

43.24 (36.82)

52.44 (46.69)

59.81 (42.31)

63.72 (36.65)

 

Delta (%)

+15.98 (30.56)

+4.75 (46.28)

0.101

Dual task‡ gait parameters

     

Walking speed (m/s)

0.54 (0.39)

0.64 (0.36)

0.46 (0.37)

0.56 (0.32)

 

Delta (%)

+12.20 (29.79)

+2.38 (32.50)

0.044

Stride time (s)

1.37 (0.30)

1.26 (0.22)

1.34 (0.39)

1.32 (0.31)

 

Delta (%)

−6.33 (16.03)

−1.17 (11.47)

0.148

Stride length (m)

0.76 (0.38)

0.83 (0.40)

0.67 (0.45)

0.74 (0.38)

 

Delta (%)

+7.82 (20.71)

−0.62 (19.22)

0.030

Step width (m)

0.12(0.08)

0.11 (0.08)

0.10 (0.08)

0.09 (0.06)

 

Delta (%)

−9.03 (20.75)

+0.28 (21.76)

0.009

Step height (m)

0.17 (0.07)

0.18 (0.06)

0.16 (0.07)

0.17 (0.07)

 

Delta (%)

+5.20 (10.55)

+0.40 (9.76)

0.051

Stance duration**

68.48 (4.86)

67.16 (5.13)

67.83 (7.72)

68.74 (6.61)

 

Delta (%)

−1.23 (4.03)

+0.49 (5.12)

0.047

Cognitive component

   

Backward counting

45.44 (36.60)

47.44 (42.20)

53.63 (39.23)

61.37 (38.24)

 

Delta (%)

+21.02 (53.02)

+0.60 (41.48)

0.294

  1. iNPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
  2. LP, lumbar puncture.
  3. Backward counting correspond to the number of enumerated figures.
  4. Values are medians (interquartile ranges).
  5. Calculated according to the following formula: [(performance after LP – performance before LP)/(performance before LP)] × 100.
  6. *Comparison based on Mann–Whitney test. Significant differences (p-values) are highlighted in bold characters. P-values are based on the comparison of the delta between the iNPH group and the iNPH-like conditions group.
  7. **Stance duration are presented as a percentage of the gait cycle.
  8. ‡Gait while backward counting.