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Table 2 Assessment measurements taken at baseline (Assess 1), after 4 weeks (Assess 2) and 8 weeks (Assess 3) of robotic training for each group

From: A crossover pilot study evaluating the functional outcomes of two different types of robotic movement training in chronic stroke survivors using the arm exoskeleton BONES

 

Single joint robotic training first group (n = 10)

Multijoint functional robotic training first group (n = 10)

p values

Assessment

Assess 1

Assess 2

Assess 3

Assess 1

Assess 2

Assess 3

pa

pb

pc

pd

Box and Block Test (# blocks in 60 s)

36 ±14

42 ±14

43 ±13

25 ± 11

29 ± 8

31 ±11

0.05

0.5

0.6

0.4

Fugl-Meyer Arm Motor Scale (normal = 66)

52 ± 9

53 ± 8

55 ±8

52 ± 6

54 ± 6

56 ±7

1.0

0.3

0.8

0.5

Wolf Motor Function Test

          

  Score (max = 5)

4.1 ± 0.7

4.4 ± 0.6

4.5 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.5

4.0 ± 0.4

4.1 ± 0.4

0.1

0.7

0.6

0.6

  Time to completion (max = 1800 s)

7.9 ± 14.6

5.8 ± 11.5

4.3 ± 7.8

7.8 ± 8.4

5.7 ± 5.1

4.6 ± 3.2

1.0

0.3

0.1

0.3

  Weight (max = 20 lbs)

14 ± 7

15 ± 6

16 ± 5

12 ± 5

14 ± 5

15 ± 4

0.4

0.2

0.7

0.5

Motor Activity Log

          

  Amount of use (max = 5)

2.9 ± 1.2

3.7 ± 1.2

3.6 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 0.9

3.1 ± 1.0

0.5

0.4

0.4

0.5

  Quality of movement (max = 5)

2.7 ± 1.2

3.5 ± 1.1

3.5 ± 1.2

2.1 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

2.7 ± 0.9

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.5

Grip strength (kg)

25.6 ± 16.3

27.1 ± 14.0

27.6 ± 16.2

11.9 ± 6.7

13.1 ± 7.2

13.6 ± 6.7

0.02

0.2

0.9

0.9

Pinch strength (kg)

5.2 ± 2.6

6.0 ± 2.7

5.7 ± 2.5

3.5 ± 2.1

3.6 ± 1.9

3.6 ± 1.8

0.1

0.001

0.001

0.02

Time of execution of a speed task (s)

77.5 ± 54.6

60.9 ± 43.5

56.4 ± 40.1

72.6 ± 23.3

60.7 ± 22.8

50.1 ± 14.2

0.4

0.5

0.8

0.9

Maximal concentric strength (Nm)

          

  Shoulder abductors

36 ± 14

35 ± 12

34 ± 12

22 ± 9

26 ± 12

25 ± 11

0.02

0.4

0.6

0.9

  Shoulder adductors

26 ± 12

30 ± 10

35 ± 9

20 ± 8

26 ± 9

30 ± 11

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.4

  Shoulder internal rotators

15 ± 9

18 ± 7

20 ± 8

10 ± 3

11 ± 3

13 ± 6

0.1

0.5

0.5

0.5

  Shoulder external rotators

6 ± 4

11 ± 7

12 ± 8

4 ± 3

7 ± 6

7 ± 6

0.2

0.4

0.9

0.9

  Shoulder flexors

28 ± 10

30 ± 13

32 ± 15

21 ± 8

24 ± 9

23 ± 10

0.1

0.7

0.4

0.4

  Shoulder extensors

40 ± 12

44 ± 10

45 ± 10

36 ± 10

36 ± 10

41 ± 8

0.5

0.5

0.2

0.1

  Elbow flexors

27 ± 9

29 ± 10

31 ± 11

19 ± 4

23 ± 8

27 ± 8

0.07

0.5

1.0

1.0

  Elbow extensors

23 ± 11

24 ± 10

26 ± 12

14 ± 9

18 ± 8

20 ± 11

0.06

0.4

0.5

0.5

  Forearm supinators

3 ± 2

4 ± 3

4 ± 3

3 ± 2

3 ± 1

4 ± 2

0.7

0.1

0.1

0.2

  Forearm pronators

9 ± 5

9 ± 5

10 ± 5

7 ± 4

8 ± 4

7 ± 4

0.2

0.7

0.8

0.8

  Wrist flexors

7 ± 4

7 ± 4

8 ± 4

5 ± 3

6 ± 4

5 ± 3

0.2

0.08

0.08

0.07

  Wrist extensors

7 ± 4

8 ± 4

9 ± 4

4 ± 3

5 ± 3

5 ± 4

0.1

0.5

0.8

0.9

  1. pa = between groups comparison on the baseline scores (Assess 1).
  2. pb = between groups comparison on the difference in the change in score: Assess 2 – Assess 1.
  3. pc = between groups comparison on the difference in the change in score between the two sequences of training: AB sequence – BA sequence = 0.
  4. pd = within subjects comparison on the difference in the change in score: Multijoint functional robotic training – Single joint robotic training = 0.