Single joint robotic training first group (n = 10) | Multijoint functional robotic training first group (n = 10) | p values | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assessment | Assess 1 | Assess 2 | Assess 3 | Assess 1 | Assess 2 | Assess 3 | pa | pb | pc | pd |
Box and Block Test (# blocks in 60 s) | 36 ±14 | 42 ±14 | 43 ±13 | 25 ± 11 | 29 ± 8 | 31 ±11 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Fugl-Meyer Arm Motor Scale (normal = 66) | 52 ± 9 | 53 ± 8 | 55 ±8 | 52 ± 6 | 54 ± 6 | 56 ±7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
Wolf Motor Function Test | ||||||||||
Score (max = 5) | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Time to completion (max = 1800 s) | 7.9 ± 14.6 | 5.8 ± 11.5 | 4.3 ± 7.8 | 7.8 ± 8.4 | 5.7 ± 5.1 | 4.6 ± 3.2 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Weight (max = 20 lbs) | 14 ± 7 | 15 ± 6 | 16 ± 5 | 12 ± 5 | 14 ± 5 | 15 ± 4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Motor Activity Log | ||||||||||
Amount of use (max = 5) | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 3.6 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Quality of movement (max = 5) | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Grip strength (kg) | 25.6 ± 16.3 | 27.1 ± 14.0 | 27.6 ± 16.2 | 11.9 ± 6.7 | 13.1 ± 7.2 | 13.6 ± 6.7 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Pinch strength (kg) | 5.2 ± 2.6 | 6.0 ± 2.7 | 5.7 ± 2.5 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.02 |
Time of execution of a speed task (s) | 77.5 ± 54.6 | 60.9 ± 43.5 | 56.4 ± 40.1 | 72.6 ± 23.3 | 60.7 ± 22.8 | 50.1 ± 14.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Maximal concentric strength (Nm) | ||||||||||
Shoulder abductors | 36 ± 14 | 35 ± 12 | 34 ± 12 | 22 ± 9 | 26 ± 12 | 25 ± 11 | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
Shoulder adductors | 26 ± 12 | 30 ± 10 | 35 ± 9 | 20 ± 8 | 26 ± 9 | 30 ± 11 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Shoulder internal rotators | 15 ± 9 | 18 ± 7 | 20 ± 8 | 10 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | 13 ± 6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Shoulder external rotators | 6 ± 4 | 11 ± 7 | 12 ± 8 | 4 ± 3 | 7 ± 6 | 7 ± 6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Shoulder flexors | 28 ± 10 | 30 ± 13 | 32 ± 15 | 21 ± 8 | 24 ± 9 | 23 ± 10 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Shoulder extensors | 40 ± 12 | 44 ± 10 | 45 ± 10 | 36 ± 10 | 36 ± 10 | 41 ± 8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Elbow flexors | 27 ± 9 | 29 ± 10 | 31 ± 11 | 19 ± 4 | 23 ± 8 | 27 ± 8 | 0.07 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Elbow extensors | 23 ± 11 | 24 ± 10 | 26 ± 12 | 14 ± 9 | 18 ± 8 | 20 ± 11 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Forearm supinators | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 3 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Forearm pronators | 9 ± 5 | 9 ± 5 | 10 ± 5 | 7 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Wrist flexors | 7 ± 4 | 7 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 5 ± 3 | 6 ± 4 | 5 ± 3 | 0.2 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
Wrist extensors | 7 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | 5 ± 4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 |