Speed Normalised | Absolute | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hyA-F | rigF | p value | hyA-F | rigF | p value | |
Nm.s/(kg.m/s) | Nm.s.kg-1 | |||||
External early-stance 'plantarflexion’ moment impulse | -0.06 (0.03) | -0.06 (0.03) | 0.36 (foot) | -0.05 (0.03) | -0.06 (0.03) | 0.54 (foot) |
-0.05 (0.02) | -0.06 (0.02) | 0.13 (speed) | -0.07 (0.03) | -0.07 (0.02) | 0.028 (speed) | |
-0.05 (0.02) | -0.05 (0.02) | 0.81 (interact) | -0.06 (0.03) | -0.07 (0.02) | 0.058 (interact) | |
External mid/late stance 'dorsiflexion’ moment impulse | +0.43 (0.14) | +0.46 (0.13) | 0.30 (foot) | +0.40 (0.13) | +0.42 (0.07) | 0.79 (foot) |
+0.31 (0.12) | +0.34 (0.10) | <0.001 (speed) | +0.36 (0.09) | +0.36 (0.06) | <0.001 (speed) | |
+0.27 (0.11) | +0.27 (0.08) | 0.12 (interact) | +0.35 (0.09) | +0.34 (0.05) | 0.12 (interact) | |
J/(kg.m/s) | J.kg-1 | |||||
Negative work – early stance | -0.02 (0.01) | -0.01 (0.01) | 0.009 (foot) | -0.02 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.01) | 0.011 (foot) |
-0.03 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.01) | 0.017 (speed) | -0.03 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.01) | 0.005 (speed) | |
-0.02 (0.01) | -0.02 (0.01) | 0.55 (interact) | -0.03 (0.01) | -0.03 (0.01) | 0.21 (interact) | |
Positive work - early stance | +0.003 (0.00) | +0.003 (0.00) | < 0.001 (foot) | +0.004 (0.00) | +0.004 (0.00) | 0.011 (foot) |
+0.003 (0.00) | +0.006 (0.00) | 0.007 (speed) | +0.003 (0.00) | +0.007 (0.00) | < 0.001 (speed) | |
+0.008 (0.00) | +0.010 (0.00) | 0.09 (interact) | +0.012 (0.00) | +0.014 (0.01) | 0.09 (interact) | |
Negative work - mid-stance | -0.11 (0.05) | -0.10 (0.05) | 0.08 (foot) | -0.15 (0.04) | -0.12 (0.04) | 0.043 (foot) |
-0.14 (0.07) | -0.13 (0.04) | 0.36 (speed) | -0.16 (0.05) | -0.13 (0.03) | 0.39 (speed) | |
-0.11 (0.04) | -0.11 (0.04) | 0.48 (interact) | -0.14 (0.04) | -0.14 (0.03) | 0.13 (interact) | |
Positive work - late stance | +0.07 (0.03) | +0.08 (0.03) | < 0.001 (foot) | +0.09 (0.03) | +0.11 (0.03) | < 0.001 (foot) |
+0.08 (0.03) | +0.11 (0.03) | 0.47 (speed) | +0.09 (0.03) | +0.12 (0.03) | 0.47 (speed) | |
+0.06 (0.03) | +0.09 (0.02) | 0.024 (interact) | +0.09 (0.03) | +0.12 (0.04) | 0.027 (interact) | |
Total work | 0.20 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.07) | 0.22 (foot) | 0.19 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.05) | 0.84 (foot) |
0.25 (0.09) | 0.26 (0.08) | 0.20 (speed | 0.29 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.06) | 0.023 (speed) | |
0.20 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.06) | 0.09 (interact) | 0.29 (0.12) | 0.31 (0.11) | 0.10 (interact) | |
Energy dissipated (negative + positive work) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.001 (foot) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.04) | < 0.001 (foot) |
0.08 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.71 (speed) | 0.10 (0.05) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.046 (speed) | |
0.07 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.43 (interact) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.25 (interact) | |
Time of moment ’flip’ (% stance) | 28.5 (4.9) | 32.9 (3.8) | 0.029 (foot) | |||
30.8 (5.3) | 36.1 (5.9) | 0.25 (speed) | ||||
28.4 (4.8) | 34.0 (4.1) | 0.31 (interact) |